1. Characteristics and Development Trends of Antibacterial Fabrics
(1) Characteristics of Antibacterial Fabrics
The function of antibacterial fabrics is to prevent wound infection, prevent the spread of disease and prevent bacterial decomposition of organic matter through sterilization The purpose of the odor. Depending on the antibacterial agent, textiles with different antibacterial properties can be produced, such as antibacterial (Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria), anti-yeast, anti-fungal, anti-fungal, etc.
The application of antibacterial fabrics is first in the medical industry. Such as surgical gowns, nurse uniforms, patient uniforms, gauze, bandages, sheets, etc. With the gradual development of antibacterial fabrics, they have broken through the medical industry and entered the ranks of daily health care. Its products cover a wide range of products, including all kinds of inner and outer garments, wadding, quilts, quilt covers, pillowcases, woolen quilts, blankets, bedspreads, etc., including chair covers, sofa towels, tablecloths, curtains, etc., as well as towels, handkerchiefs, gloves, shoe linings, etc. , bath cloths, rags, cloth toys, etc., and can also be used for tent cloths, bags, professional clothes, etc.
(2) Development Trend of Antibacterial Fabrics
Antibacterial fabrics were developed in the early 20th century. After the Second World War, the United States, Japan and other countries successively invested a lot of money and manpower in the research of antibacterial fabrics. Since the 1980s, methods for producing durable antibacterial fibers through polymer structure modification and blending modification of chemical fibers have begun to appear, with blending being the main method. Early antibacterial agents used in chemical fiber blend spinning were generally complexes containing metal ions, many of which contained heavy metal ions. In recent years, as people’s awareness of environmental protection has increased, the ecological toxicity of heavy metal ions to the human body has gradually increased. Attracting people’s attention, antibacterial agents containing heavy metal ions with good antibacterial effects but high toxicity have been gradually eliminated. Instead, zeolite with antibacterial properties combined with silver ions is used as the main antibacterial agent blended and modified with synthetic fibers. This This antibacterial agent has broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, is harmless to the human body, and has good thermal stability. In the past 10 years, antibacterial finishing agents with higher antibacterial efficiency, more convenient use, and better safety have continued to emerge and are continuously being screened in practical applications.
2. The mechanism and effect of antibacterial treatment
(1) The mechanism of antibacterial treatment
The antibacterial methods of antibacterial fibers or fabrics can be divided into dissolving type and non-dissolving type. The antibacterial agent in the dissolution sample can spread on the culture medium around the sample and form an inhibition zone. However, any bacteria that come into contact with the sample will be killed and will no longer grow. A bacteriostatic zone will not form around the non-dissolving sample, but all bacteria in contact with the sample will be killed, and the bacteria cannot survive and reproduce in the sample. This method is also called adsorption sterilization. Bacteria (including fungi) are a diverse group of microorganisms that are widely distributed in nature and can live in soil, water, various animals and plants, and even in the air. They are almost everywhere.
The process of antibacterial fibers or fabrics killing bacteria is that the antibacterial components penetrate into the cell membrane wall of the bacteria and then kill the bacteria. The antibacterial mechanism of antibacterial textiles is:
(1) Inactivate various metabolic enzymes in bacterial cells, thereby killing bacteria.
(2) Chemically reacts with proteases in cells to destroy their functions.
(3) Inhibit spore formation and block DNA synthesis, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth.
(4) Greatly speed up the phosphate redox system and disrupt the normal growth system of cells.
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