In the last issue, we talked about “Chenliang”. Today we are going to talk about nylon. This nylon is actually the abbreviation of Kumho Tire.
Okay, let’s get down to business
Nylon is also polyamide fiber. He has a more well-known name, called Nylon. The English name is Polyamide (PA for short)
The invention of nylon
Nylon was invented on February 28, 1935. The inventor was Wallace of DuPont Company of Wilmington, USA. ·Carothers.
Well, it was invented by you DuPont again
Nylon was officially launched in 1938. The earliest Nylon product was a toothbrush brush made of Nylon, which went on sale on February 24, 1938. ; Nylon stockings worn by women were launched on May 15, 1940. Nylon fiber is the raw material for many man-made fibers, and hard Nylon is also used in the construction industry.
The general name of thermoplastic resins containing repeating amide groups – [NHCO] – on its molecular main chain, including aliphatic PA, aliphatic – aromatic PA and aromatic PA. Among them, aliphatic PA has many varieties, large output, and wide application. Its name is determined by the specific number of carbon atoms of the synthetic monomer.
Characteristics of nylon
The biggest advantage of nylon is that it is strong and wear-resistant, has low density, is light in fabric, has good elasticity, is resistant to fatigue damage, has good chemical stability, and is resistant to alkali but not acid!
The biggest disadvantage is that the sunlight resistance is not good. The fabric will turn yellow if exposed to the sun for a long time, the strength will decrease, and the moisture absorption is not good. , but better than acrylic and polyester.
Nylon products
1. Nylon 46 (PA46)
English name: Polyamide46 or Nylon46; referred to as PA46. Nylon 46, also known as polyamide 46, is polybutylene adipamide.
Its outstanding features are high crystallinity, high temperature resistance, high rigidity and high strength. Mainly used in automobile engines and peripheral components, such as cylinder heads, cylinder bases, oil seal covers, and transmissions. In the electrical industry, it is used in fields such as contactors, sockets, coil bobbins, and switches that require high heat resistance and fatigue resistance.
Heat-resistant nylon PA46 developed by Tudisman Group Plastic used for cooler
2. Nylon 4T (PA4T)
English name: Polyamide4T or Nylon4T; PA4T for short. Nylon 4T and PA4T are the first high-temperature nylons synthesized since the 21st century. It was born on September 27, 2007, 10 years ago. Among the polymer groups, it is the first high-temperature nylon invented after 2000.
The melting point of PA4T pure resin is very high, exceeding its decomposition temperature. If it is not copolymerized and modified to lower its melting point, it will not be commercially available and promotion will be extremely difficult. Therefore, the promotion of PA4T in the market generally requires copolymerization and modification. The common method is to copolymerize with PA66 and/or PA6 to lower the melting point. After modification, it has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, good fluidity, excellent electrical properties, outstanding chemical corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and can meet the requirements of electronic and electrical, mobile terminal and other fields.
Picture Xiaomi 6 mobile phone
3. Nylon 56 (PA56)
English name: Polyamide56 or Nylon56; abbreviation: PA56. Nylon 56 is formed by the condensation polymerization of pentanediamine and adipic acid. Pentamethylenediamine can be extracted from natural organisms.
It is environmentally friendly, has good performance and can improve the comfort of terminal fabrics. Its water absorption, glass transition temperature, strength, softness, hygroscopicity and resilience are better than some products of nylon 6, nylon 66 and polyester.
Figure nylon 56 spinning
4. Nylon 6 (PA6)
English name: Polyamide6 or Nylon6, referred to as PA6; Nylon 6. Also known as polyamide 6, polycaprolactam, which is obtained by ring-opening polycondensation of caprolactam. Molecular structural formula:
It is a translucent or opaque milky white resin with excellent mechanical properties. , stiffness, toughness, wear resistance and mechanical shock absorption, good insulation and chemical resistance. It is widely used in many fields such as automobile parts and electronic and electrical components.
5. Nylon 66 (PA66)
English name: Polyamide66 or Nylon6; PA66 for short; Nylon 66, also known as polyamide 66, which is polyhexamethylene adipamide. Compared with nylon 6, its mechanical strength, stiffness, heat resistance and wear resistance, and creep resistance are better, but its impact strength and mechanical shock absorption performance are reduced. It is widely used in automobiles, drones, electronics and electrical, etc.
<img data-preview-src=""data-preview-group="1"src="http://pic.168tex.com/Upload/News/image/2021/10/on1010;referredtoasPA1010.Nylon1010,alsoknownaspolyamide1010,ispolysebamide.Molecularstructuralformula:
Nylon1010ismadefromcastoroilasthebasicrawmaterial.ItwasfirstsuccessfullydevelopedandindustrializedbyShanghaiCelluloidFactoryinmycountry.Itsbiggestfeatureisthatitishighlyductileandcanbestretchedto3to4timesitsoriginallength.Ithashightensilestrength,excellentimpactresistanceandlowtemperatureresistance,isnotbrittleat-60°C,andhasexcellentwearresistance.,ultra-hightoughnessandgoodoilresistance,widelyusedinaerospace,cables,opticalcables,metalorcablesurfacecoatings,etc.
Picture of DuPont ZytelRS nylon 1010 fuel line
Nylon 11 (PA11)
English name: Polyamide11 or Nylon11; referred to as PA11. Nylon 11, also known as polyamide 11, is polyundecylactam.
It is white and translucent. Its outstanding features are low melting temperature and wide processing temperature, low water absorption, good low-temperature performance, and good flexibility that can be maintained at -40°C to 120°C. Mainly used in automobile oil pipelines, brake system hoses, fiber optic cable coatings, packaging films, daily necessities, etc.
Figure PA11 oil pipe
Nylon 12 (PA12)
English name: Polyamide12 or Nylon12; referred to as PA12. Nylon 12, also known as polyamide 12, is polylaurylamide.
It is similar to nylon 11, but its density, melting point and water absorption are lower than nylon-11. It has the properties of a combination of polyamide and polyolefin due to its relatively large amount of toughening agent. Its outstanding features are high decomposition temperature, low water absorption and excellent low temperature resistance. Mainly used in automobile oil pipelines, instrument panels, accelerator pedals, brake hoses, muffler parts of electronic appliances, and cable sheaths.
Figure PA12 shovel handle
Nylon 1212 (PA1212)
English name: Polyamide1212; Nylon1212; PA1212 for short. It is derived from the condensation polymerization of dodecanediamine and dodecanedioic acid. PA1212 has the lowest water absorption rate among nylons, good dimensional stability, oil resistance, alkali resistance, good abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, good transparency, and excellent toughness at low temperatures. Widely used in aerospace, automobiles, textiles, instruments, medical equipment, etc.
Nylon 1313 (aramid 1313)
English name: Polyamide1313 ; Nomex; Nylon1313; referred to as PA1313. It is obtained by the condensation polymerization of isophthaloyl chloride and m-phenylenediamine as monomers.
Nomex has much higher mechanical properties and heat resistance than aliphatic PA (as a fiber fabric , the life span is 8 times that of aliphatic PA fiber cloth and 20 times that of cotton cloth), good heat aging resistance (after 2000h thermal aging at 250°C, the surface resistivity and volume resistance remain unchanged), at higher temperatures or humidity It can still maintain good electrical performance under the environment. Mainly used for H-class electrical insulation materials and preparation of high-performance fibers (HT-1 fibers).
Nylon 1414 (PA1414)
English name: Polyamide1414; Kevlar ;Nylon1414. Referred to as PA1414. Polyphthalamide. Its molecular structural formula is:
The molecule is mainly composed of rigid benzene rings. It is a highly rigid polymer. Its molecular structure has a high degree of symmetry and regularity. It is one of the macromolecular chains. There are strong hydrogen bonds between them, which makes the polymer have the characteristics of high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, low density, small thermal shrinkage, good dimensional stability, etc., and can be made into high strength and high modulus fibers.
Figure Aramid 1414 Kevlar body armor
Nylon production capacity distribution
Among the nylon materials currently needed in the world, nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 account for more than 98%, which can be said to have an overwhelming dominance. Polyamide products represented by nylon 6,6 are currently the engineering plastic products with the largest production and market consumption in the world. They are used in a wide range of industries, including electronics, tires, automobiles and other industries – what does this mean? By occupying nylon 6 and nylon 6,6, you will occupy almost the entire nylon market!
However, until now, most of the world’s nylon 6, 6 market share, but it is occupied by less than 10 manufacturing companies.
my country has been researching nylon since 1958. The main varieties include PA1010, PA6, PA66, PA610, etc.
In order to meet the requirements of national defense and other industries, glass fiber reinforced nylon, powder nylon, monomer cast nylon, copolymer modified nylon, aromatic nylon, self-lubricating nylon, flame retardant nylon, aging-resistant nylon, etc. have also been gradually commercialized. Polyamide polymers can be divided into aliphatic polyamide, semi-aromatic polyamide, fully aromatic polyphenolamine, heterocyclic aromatic polyamide and alicyclic polyamide, etc. Aliphatic polyamide is the main category, such as PA6, PA66, PA1010, etc. have achieved industrial production and are widely used.
Nylon, aging-resistant nylon, etc. are also gradually commercialized. Polyamide polymers can be divided into aliphatic polyamide, semi-aromatic polyamide, fully aromatic polyphenolamine, heterocyclic aromatic polyamide and alicyclic polyamide, etc. Aliphatic polyamide is the main category, such as PA6, PA66, PA1010, etc. have achieved industrial production and are widely used.
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