Composite fabric information on visual physiological phenomena

The three elements of color (hue, brightness, purity) produce complex changes under different light sources, and the visual physiological responses are also intricate. There are visual adaptation phenomena, contrast phenomena, illusion phenomena, and other various feelings and emotions. Understanding the visual physiological phenomenon of color is of great significance to the study of fabric color. (1) Light and dark vision The light and dark vision of the human eye is a phenomenon of light and dark produced by the visual organ due to the strong brightness of the light source. Among the functions of the eye, cone cells play a role in color sensing under strong light, while rod cells can adapt to light and dark vision under weak light. Therefore, the light and dark vision function of the human eye mainly relies on rod cells. (2) Field of view and color The angular range of the visual field that the human eye can observe under fixed conditions is called the field of view. At the fovea of ​​the organ, the object image is clearest, while objects outside the field of view appear blurry. The area where the human eye is sensitive to color is called the color gamut. Differences in light source conditions and changes in the three elements of color will cause corresponding changes in the visual field and color gamut. (3) Color width and step The maximum and minimum limits of color recognition by the human eye are called color width. The human eye sometimes even loses its ability to sense colors when exposed to strong light or in a low-light room. It is the latitude caused by the excessive difference in brightness and excessive blur between colors. Step, also called color scale, refers to the scale of difference between colors, including differences in hue, brightness, purity, etc. The difference in color is large, which means the step is large. The difference is small, that is, the step is small. If the color step difference exceeds the color width, the color will not be perceived correctly. The sense of order of colors requires uniform step arrangement. (4) Color Illusion The human eye has a specific tendency. Objects of the same shape and color in different locations or environments will cause different visual changes. This phenomenon is called an illusion. Illusion is a visual phenomenon, not something that exists objectively. It is caused by the difficulty of the human cerebral cortex in analyzing external stimuli. In fabric design, people often use this optical illusion to enhance the beauty of skin color. Studying the physiological phenomenon of color illusion is of great significance to fabric design. (5) Contrast phenomenon Color contrast phenomenon refers to the comparison between colors. Colors in nature are all in contrast. There are two categories of color contrast: simultaneous contrast and continuous contrast. 1. Simultaneous contrast: When the human eye is stimulated by different colors at the same time, the color sensations are mutually exclusive, which is called simultaneous contrast. The simultaneous contrast of colors has the following rules: (1) Adjacent to dark colors, light ones are brighter and dark colors are darker. Gray and bright colors are juxtaposed, the bright ones are more gorgeous, and the gray ones are grayer. Cool colors are juxtaposed with warm colors. Cold colors are cooler and warm colors are warmer. (2) When colors are adjacent, they tend to push each other toward their own complementary colors. (3) When colors are adjacent, due to the contrast effect, each adds complementary color light, and at the same time increases the vividness of the color. (4) At the same time, the contrast effect increases with the increase of color purity, and the adjacent areas (i.e. edges) are the most obvious. (5) Simultaneous contrast can only be produced when colors are adjacent, and the effect is most obvious when one color surrounds another color. 2. Continuous contrast Continuous contrast refers to observing one color and then looking at another color, so that the visual effect of the second color changes. The difference between sequential contrast and simultaneous contrast is that only the second color has a unilateral visual change. The phenomenon of continuous contrast is produced by the eyes after continuous vision, and is the “after-image” of vision. (6) Visual Adaptation The human body has special adaptability to changes in the objective world. This functional response is called visual adaptation in vision theory. (7) Expansion and contraction of color There is a front-to-back difference in the visual imaging position caused by the wavelength of the color. This difference creates a color gamut, which varies in size compared to the actual color gamut. Warm colors have a larger color gamut than the actual color gamut. The imaging position is behind the retina, and it is diffuse. If you stare at red for a long time, your eyes will become blurred, have a sense of movement and expansion, and your eyes will get tired easily. A color gamut that is smaller than the actual color gamut is a cool color, and the imaging position is in front of the retina, which is contractile. When observing blue, it feels clearer and has a sense of contraction. When a color with a sense of expansion and a color with a sense of contraction are juxtaposed, the illusion of color will be strengthened due to the simultaneous contrast effect, and each will enhance the original feeling. The expansion and contraction of color is related to brightness. Those with high brightness have a sense of expansion and expansion, while those with low brightness have a sense of contraction. For black and white grids of the same size or black and white strips of the same thickness, the white one feels big and thick, while the black one feels small and thin. For squares of the same size, the green on the purple ground is larger than the purple on the green ground. The yellow on the blue ground is also larger than the blue on the yellow ground. This is the sense of expansion and contraction caused by the contrast of color brightness. Colors that generally have a sense of expansion include: white, bright colors, high-purity colors, and warm colors. Colors that have a sense of shrinkage include: black, turbid colors, dark colors, and cold colors. (8) Intensity and visibility of color Light stimulates people’s visual nerves, causing people to feel colors. There are large and small differences in the stimulation degree of light. This stimulation degree is also called the intensity of color. Vibrant colors, bright colors, strong contrasting colors, large-area colors, focused colors, and close-up colors are all high-intensity colors.color. Gray, dull colors, harmonious colors, small area colors, scattered colors, and distant colors all have the characteristics of low intensity. The degree to which a color is easily identifiable visually is called the visibility of the color. The visibility of color has a lot to do with the brightness of light and the size of the object. The greater the brightness, the higher the visibility; the smaller the brightness, the lower the visibility. The larger the area of ​​the object, the higher the visibility; the smaller the area of ​​the object, the lower the visibility. When the light and area of ​​an object remain unchanged, the visibility of a color is determined by the contrast of the lightness, hue, and purity of the form, color, and ground color. Among them, the contrast of lightness has the greatest relationship with visibility. Since human visual ability has a certain limit, when the relationship between hue, purity, and brightness is strong, visibility will be high. On the contrary, the visibility is low.
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